Ystradgynlais
The story of iron smelting 2
  New developments  
 

By 1800 a canal had been built up the Swansea valley and tramroads had also been constructed over the mountains to the north.
This meant that coal, limestone, and iron ore could be brought to the ironworks more easily, and the iron that was made there could be transported by canal to the port of Swansea, and then sent around the world by sea. (See the map on the Story of Iron smelting 1 for the route of the canal).

In 1817 the owners of the ironworks brought in a young engineer, David Thomas, to oversee production. The same year George Crane was brought in as Works Manager. These two worked together for around 20 years, and the new methods they introduced at Ynyscedwyn changed the iron industry at home and abroad.
tramroad
  The Hot-Blast furnace
 

David Thomas saw a new kind of furnace designed by a Scottish engineer called Neilson. This heated the air that fed the furnace. (See diagram above). Thomas realised that this furnace could work at Ynyscedwyn, thus allowing him to use the hard coal called anthracite from local coal mines.
A new hot-blast furnace was introduced at Ynyscedwyn in 1837, and from then on the works produced top grade iron more cheaply.

More on the story of iron smelting...